Inertial Navigation System (INS) is one of the navigation systems widely used in various land-based, aerial, and marine applications. Among all types of INS, Microelectromechanical System (MEMS)-based INS can be widely utilized, owing to their low cost, lightweight, and small size. However, due to the manufacturing technology, MEMS-based INS suffers from deterministic and stochastic errors, which increase positioning errors over time. In this paper, a new effective NOISE reduction method is proposed that can provide more accurate outputs of MEMS-based inertial sensors. The intelligent method in this paper is a combined denoising method that combines Wavelet Transform (WT), Permutation Entropy (PE), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Firstly, WT is employed to obtain a time-frequency representation of raw data. Secondly, a four-element feature vector is formed. These four features are (1) amplitude of frequency, (2) its ratio to mean of amplitudes of all frequencies, (3) location of frequency in time-frequency representation, and (4) judgment on behaviors of frequency that is obtained by utilizing PE. Thirdly, based on the feature vector, the GA-SVR algorithm predicts amplitudes of all frequencies in the time-frequency representation of the deNOISEd signal. Finally, by employing inverse WT the deNOISEd signal is obtained. In this work, the outputs of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in ADIS16407 sensor, as a low-cost and MEMS-based INS, have been utilized for data collection. The proposed method has been compared with other NOISE reduction methods and the achieved results verify superior improvement than other methods.

In this paper, the detection of a coded signal in additive white Gaussian NOISE and the INTERFERENCE is studied, where there is no knowledge about the correlation between the received symbols and about the NOISE and INTERFERENCE parameters. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimates of the unknown parameters are found, they are substituted in the probability density functions of the observation and the Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR) detector is derived. This detector can also be used for the activity detection of a signal in unknown Inter-Symbol INTERFERENCE (151).In this case, the INTERFERENCE is modeled as the unknown correlation between the received symbols. Simulation examples are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed detector.

Verticillium dahliae is an economically important pathogen causing vascular wilt on more than 160 plant species. Most strains have a wide HOST range. Forty-five wild isolates of V. dahlia recovered from different woody and herbaceous plants throughout Iran. Genetic diversity of the isolates was assessed through vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) using nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. Nit mutants were generated using water agar supplemented with 5-7% KClO3. Nit mutants from different isolates were used in all possible combinations. Three VC local groups were identified and designated as VCGA, VCGB and VCGC which correspond to VCG2B (88.8%) and VCG 2A (8.8%) and weakly to VCG2A (2.2%) Most of the isolates were assigned to VCG2B. The results indicated that genetic diversity of V. dahliae is very low and there were no relationship between VCGs and geographicalorig in of the isolates. HOST specificity of V. dahliae using 18 isolates was determined on 11 different HOSTs plant species. Different plants reacted differently to the isolates and were divided into three groups: very sensitive (eggplant, pistachio, cotton and okra), semi-sensitive (sunflower, radish and rapeseed) and low sensitive (pepper, tomato, small radish and cabbage). Each plant species reacted differently to each isolate. Mint was less sensitive to the pathogen (5 isolates) than other plant species tested.

Communication in the presence of a priori known INTERFERENCE at the encoder has gained great interest because of its many practical applications. In this paper, additive exponential NOISE channel with additive exponential INTERFERENCE (AENC-AEI) known noncausally at the transmitter is introduced as a new variant of such communication scenarios. First, it is shown that the additive Gaussian channel with a priori known INTERFERENCE at the encoder when the transmitter suffers from a fast-varying phase NOISE can be modeled by the AENC-AEI. Then, capacity bounds for this channel under a non-negativity constraint as well as a mean value constraint on input are derived. Finally, it is shown both analytically and numerically that the upper and lower bounds coincide at high signal to NOISE ratios (SNRs), and therefore, the capacity of the AENC-AEI at high SNRs is obtained. Interestingly, this high SNR-capacity has a simple closed-form expression and is independent of the INTERFERENCE mean, analogous to its Gaussian counterpart.

Bazaars are among the few historical buildings that still continue to operate. The Bazaar in a city has been important not only from economic aspects but also from cultural and social aspects. Today, the empty space of such urban spaces, which can become a lasting space by creating a sense of belonging and peace, while meeting the needs of today's people, is felt very much. Sound is one of the main factors in creating memories in the human mind. In order to investigate the role of sound in the traditional architecture of Iran, a research was conducted in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The final goal of this research is to investigate the quantitative and qualitative conditions of the sound using sound meter software in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The permissible level of NOISE pollution in urban spaces is 60 decibels based on the resolution of the Supreme Council of Environmental Protection of Iran for commercial areas. The results of this research indicate that in the quietest conditions, the NOISE pollution for at least 33% of the Bazzar space is higher than the maximum allowed amount of NOISE pollution. How to improve the sound conditions in Vakil Bazzar, such as reducing NOISE by creating a masking sound source, creating a pond and a fountain, is one of the most important results of this research.

Introduction: Cochlear dead zones are defined as areas where the inner hair cells have been destroyed.Thresholds on the audiograms show the integrity of those parts of the ear that are tested. Care must be taken in interpretating audiograms. Thanks to the advances in understanding of cochlear functions, it is now possible to spot false responses that come from dead zones of the cochlea. Recently, cochlear dead regions have been detected via TEN (Threshold Equalizing NOISE) test in which ipsilateral broadband NOISE and threshold shifting are used.Materials and Methods: A review of the literature on the subject of dead zones published from 1993 to 2003 was performed using Pubmed, Ebsco, Science Direct, Google Scholar Thieme ProQuest databases and library sources. key word: were "cochlear dead zone", "traveling wave", "ten (threshold equalizing NOISE) test", "ipsilateral NOISE" and "real-ear measurement for hearing aids prescription".Conclusion: Hearing aids fitting process for patients with severe and sloping sensory neural hearing loss must be noted specially by amplifying active zone and avoiding amplification for dead region i.e., offering amplification to the transition frequencies that have better hearing than others, those among the fine regions and the dead zones. Dead zone detection may help in hearing aids fitting and fine tuning.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the NOISE-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the NOISE-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The NOISE-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order NOISE-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the NOISE transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new NOISE-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order NOISE shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-NOISE and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

To improve the overall performance of marine centrifugal pumps (MCPs), their vibration and NOISE performances were optimized using the hydraulic design of the volute casing parameters considering a constant hydraulic performance at a specific speed of 66. 7. Numerical simulations of the full flow field, vibration, and NOISE were conducted for each of five volute base circle diameters. The impact of dynamic and static disturbances on the flow and vibration and NOISE characteristics were investigated. These results provide some theoretical and technical support for the design and application of MCPs. The flow pattern inside the volute becomes more uniform as the D3 increases, but the pressure pulsation decreases. The total vibration levels of the inlet flange, outlet flange, and pump base decreased by 8. 3%, 7. 9%, and 12. 3% respectively. The sound pressure of the flow NOISE at each characteristic frequency showed a different degree of decreasing trend.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works